Italy, 1225–1274

Thomas Aquinas

Medieval theologian who wove Aristotle into Christian thought in his vast Summa Theologica, arguing that faith and reason, rightly understood, could never truly conflict.

Where Thomas Aquinas lands on a hard choice

Quotation is the easy part. The harder test is what a position does when it meets a situation where every option costs something.

A parent needs more from you than you have to give.

Filial duty

You are honouring a claim that existed before you consented to it. The cost is a self quietly deferred until there is little left to defer.

A belief you hold arrived from your parents, unexamined.

Civic virtue

You are crediting the accumulated judgment of people who loved you. The risk is calling inertia tradition.

Contact with a family member costs you more than it gives.

Filial duty

You are preserving a possibility at your own expense. The danger is a hope that functions as permission to keep hurting you.

Lessons that quote Thomas Aquinas

Reading Thomas Aquinas today

Thomas Aquinas wrote in 1225–1274, from Italy — a world with different assumptions about authority, death and what a life is for. That distance is useful rather than a problem: it is what lets the ideas cut against assumptions you did not know you were making.

In thinkr, Thomas Aquinas is one of 44 thinkers you can put a real question to, and the answers come back in that thinker's own voice and commitments rather than as a neutral summary. The app draws on the wider tradition Thomas Aquinas belongs to.

Working at roughly the same time

Argues the same cases

Confucius, Aristotle, Epictetus, Simone de Beauvoir, John Stuart Mill, Socrates take positions on the same dilemmas as Thomas Aquinas, which is usually where the disagreements become concrete.

Other thinkers